Pica is an eating disorder that involves a person eating items not typically thought of as food and which contain no significant nutritional value—things such as hair, dirt, and paint chips. This disorder is most commonly seen in children, pregnant women, and people with developmental disabilities. Unlike other eating disorders, pica is not driven by a desire to lose weight or control one’s appearance. Instead, it can signal underlying psychological distress or nutritional deficiencies.
Honey Lake Clinic offers mental health treatment for teen girls ages 13 to 17. While we do not specifically treat active eating disorders, we can refer you to a provider or facility that aligns with your biblical worldview. Call 888.428.0562 today to get started.
What Is Pica?
Pica is a relatively uncommon eating disorder that involves persistent cravings and consumption of non-food substances. It is most commonly seen in children, with an estimated prevalence of 10-30%, but can also affect adults. The disorder can develop at any age but is often diagnosed in childhood or early adolescence.
Pica involves the persistent consumption of substances that are not food and do not provide nutritional value. These can include:
- Paper, dirt, hair, paint chips, or other small objects
- Clay, chalk, or other natural substances
- Soap, laundry detergent, or other cleaning supplies
- Ice (pagophagia)
All of these substances have little to no nutritional value and can be harmful if ingested regularly. The disorder is often linked to nutrient deficiencies such as iron, zinc, and magnesium. Pica is also associated with other eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia.
Symptoms of Pica
The most common sign of pica is the ingestion of non-food substances. This behavior can be especially concerning in children, who may put small objects or toys in their mouths without understanding the potential harm. Other signs to watch for include:
- Loss of appetite or refusal to eat regular meals
- Weight loss or failure to gain weight appropriately
- Bowel problems, such as constipation or diarrhea
- Tooth damage, especially if the individual is ingesting hard substances like rocks or ice
- Stomach pain and discomfort
- Behavioral changes, including aggression, irritability, or withdrawal from social activities
Pica can also manifest in physical and psychological symptoms, such as nutrient deficiencies, anemia, abdominal pain, and cognitive impairment.
Pica Diagnosis
How is pica diagnosed? A healthcare professional may suspect pica if a person is persistently consuming non-food substances, especially over an extended period. They will typically perform a medical evaluation to identify any underlying nutritional deficiencies and rule out other conditions that may present with similar symptoms.
How Treatment for Pica Can Help
Treatment for pica can be highly effective in managing and overcoming the eating disorder. The first step is a comprehensive evaluation to understand the root causes and specific manifestations of the disorder. The treatment plan typically includes nutritional counseling, behavioral modification therapy, and family education and support.
Nutritional Counseling
Since pica is often linked to nutrient deficiencies, patients may require nutritional counseling to ensure a well-balanced diet that meets all their nutritional needs. This can help curb cravings for non-food substances and promote healthier eating habits.
Behavioral Modification Therapy
This therapy aims to replace harmful behaviors with healthier ones. For pica, this could involve learning coping strategies for cravings, developing alternative behaviors, or using positive reinforcement to encourage healthier eating habits.
Family Education and Support
Family members often first notice pica, so educating them about the disorder and ways to support their loved ones is a helpful path forward. This education can include understanding potential triggers, creating a safer environment, and responding appropriately if the person with pica consumes non-food items.
Frequently Asked Questions About Pica
Is pica a form of an eating disorder?
Yes, pica is classified as an eating disorder and is listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5).
What causes pica?
The exact cause of pica is not known, but it has been linked to nutrient deficiencies, developmental disabilities, and psychological distress.
Is pica dangerous?
Yes—eating non-food substances can be harmful and even life-threatening. It’s essential to seek treatment for pica to address the underlying causes and promote healthier behaviors.
Can adults have pica?
Yes, although it is more commonly diagnosed in children, adults can also struggle with pica.
Reach Out to Honey Lake Clinic Today
Teenage girls in treatment at Honey Lake Clinic stay in Hazel House, a sprawling residence overlooking our lake. Recreational opportunities, academic support, and pastoral care are all part of our integrated mental health treatment approach. Call 888.428.0562 or reach out online today to learn more about our program for teens struggling with mental health or for a referral to a provider or facility that can treat eating disorders like pica.
